public class Examples
{
    public static void main(String [] args)
    {
        int number = 2147483647;        // 2^31 -1
        System.out.println(number);
        number = number + 1;           // -2^31
        System.out.println(number);

        int a = 4;
        int b = 5;

        System.out.println("a :: " + a);
        System.out.println("b :: " + b);
        //++a is the same as saying a = a + 1;
        System.out.println("a++ :: " + a++);    ///these two calls have different results
        System.out.println("++b :: " + ++b);

        a += 3;
        b *= 2;

        System.out.println("a += 3 :: " + a);  //Short cuts, this is the same as saying a = a + 3 
        System.out.println("b *= 2 :: " + b);  //b = b * 2

        a /=4;
        b -= 6;

        System.out.println("a /=4 ::" + a);    a = a / 4;
        System.out.println("b -= 6 :: " + b);  b = b - 6;

        a = 114;
        char c = 's';
        System.out.println("(char)a :: " + (char)a);    //casting a int to a char and a char to an int - use the ASCII table to see how it works
        System.out.println("(int)c :: " + (int)c);

        a = -16;
        System.out.println("Math.abs(a) :: " + Math.abs(a));     ///Math class has several static methods that are useful
        System.out.println("Math.abs(a) :: " + Math.sqrt(Math.abs(a)));

        String name = "Devin";
        //The String class in the API has many, many methods to manipulate and work on Strings. 
        System.out.println("name :: " + name);
        System.out.println("name.length :: " + name.length());
        System.out.println("name.toLowerCase() :: " + name.toLowerCase());
        
        //Casting exercises
        int regular_int = 32768; // 4 bytes
        short short_int = 32767; //2 bytes 2^16 -1
        short_int = (short)regular_int;  //If you do not cast, then you get an error
    }     
}