/* The following code example is taken from the book
 * "The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference"
 * by Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 1999
 *
 * (C) Copyright Nicolai M. Josuttis 1999.
 * Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
 * is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
 * This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
 */
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <streambuf>

extern "C" {
    int read (int fd, char* buf, int num);
}

class inbuf : public std::streambuf {
  protected:
    /* data buffer:
     * - at most, four characters in putback area plus
     * - at most, six characters in ordinary read buffer
     */
    static const int bufferSize = 10;    // size of the data buffer
    char buffer[bufferSize];             // data buffer

  public:
    /* constructor
     * - initialize empty data buffer
     * - no putback area
     * => force underflow()
     */
    inbuf() {
        setg (buffer+4,     // beginning of putback area
              buffer+4,     // read position
              buffer+4);    // end position
    }

  protected:
    // insert new characters into the buffer
    virtual int_type underflow () {

        // is read position before end of buffer?
        if (gptr() < egptr()) {
            return *gptr();
        }

        /* process size of putback area
         * - use number of characters read
         * - but at most four
         */
        int numPutback;
        numPutback = gptr() - eback();
        if (numPutback > 4) {
            numPutback = 4;
        }

        /* copy up to four characters previously read into
         * the putback buffer (area of first four characters)
         */
        std::memcpy (buffer+(4-numPutback), gptr()-numPutback,
                     numPutback);

        // read new characters
        int num;
        num = read (0, buffer+4, bufferSize-4);
        if (num <= 0) {
            // ERROR or EOF
            return EOF;
        }

        // reset buffer pointers
        setg (buffer+(4-numPutback),   // beginning of putback area
              buffer+4,                // read position
              buffer+4+num);           // end of buffer

        // return next character
        return *gptr();
    }
};