• Developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner, an education professor at Harvard
• Synopsis: Traditional measures of intelligence are too limiting, ie. IQ test
• Traditionally --> rewarded Linguistic and Logical-mathematical in schools
• Multiple Intelligence --> present learning material aimed at different intelligences

• Proposed eight types of intelligence to better evaluate an individual's level of intelligence
1. Linguistic Intelligence ("word smart"): Some people have the ability to quickly master languages. Damage to one portion of the brain, "Broca's Area", causes a person to lose the ability to express themselves in clear grammatical sentences, though that person's understanding of vocabulary and syntax remains intact.     Joseph Conrad: learned english as a sailor after leaving Poland. Still able to produce Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim.
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence ("number/reasoning smart"): The ability to mentally process logical problems and equations. Typically measured through standardized testing (e.g. SAT, GRE, IQ).Historically, this is the archetypical measure of intelligence. 
3. Spatial Intelligence ("picture smart"): Neuroscience has provided proof of the role of spatial intelligence in the right hemisphere of the brain. Some brain injuries can cause people to lose the ability to identify where they are or even to recognize their closet relatives. Not necessarily always linked with sight - the blind. 
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence ("body smart"): Some posesses greater control of bodily movements/balance/agility and seem to have a natural sense of how their body will act and react in demanding situations. Left hemisphere of brain contols right side of body. One of the most controversial of Gardner's intelligences. Ex. Kelly Slater, Mary Lou Rhetton, Michael Jordan
5. Musical Intelligence ("music smart"): Yehudi Menuhin was 3 years old when his parents smuggled him into the San Francisco Orchestra. Captivated by the sould coming from one of the violinists Menuhin asked for a violin and a teacher for his birthday. 7 years later Yehudi is performing internationally. To some, the ability to play music comes naturally....there are examples of autistic /other imapaired children who are brilliant musicians but are unable to interact / talk with others. 
6. Interpersonal Intellilgence ("people smart"): the ability to interact, understand, and interpret the behavior of others. Frontal lobe of brain (lobotomy) linked to social interaction. 
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence ("self smart'): cognitive ability to understand and sense our 'self'. Strong intrapersonal intelligence leads to self -esteem. Weak intrapersonal intelligence prevents recognition of self as a separate entiiy from the surrounding environment. 
8. Naturalist Intelligence ("nature smart"): recently added to original list of 7. Ability to identify and classify patterns in nature. Ex. sensitive to weather patterns. Evolved from days long ago.

• ex. Economics 101: Law of Supply and Demand
1. Linguistic: read about it
2. Logical-mathematical: study formulas that express it
3. Spatial: examine a graphic chart that illustrates the principal
4. Naturalist: observe it in natural world (sun-starved trees vs trees in open meadow)
5. Interpersonal: human world of commerce (Pike Place Market)
6. Bodily-Kinesthetic/ Intrapersonal: deny your body food and its demand for it increases....give it too much and demand diminishes
7. Musical:           from "Too Much Of Nothing", Bob Dylan

                                                Too much of nothing
                                                Can turn a man into a liar
                                                It can cause one man to sleep on nails
                                                And another man to eat fire.
                                                Ev'rybody's doin' somthin',
                                                I heard it in a dream
                                                But when there's too much of nothing,
                                                It just makes a fella mean.