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green Biofilms require which of the following: none true A surface Yes. Biofilms begin to form when certain microorganisms adhere to the surface of some object false High temperatures No. While some biofilms do thrive in hot environments like the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, other such as those that grow in streams do not require high temperatures. true Nutrients Yes. All living things require nutrients and biofilms contain living organisms. false A host organism No. While biofilms can grow on living organisms like on teeth or open wounds, biofilms can grow in other places as well, such as inside pipes or on rocks in streams and lakes. true Moisture Yes. Biofilms need a moist environment to form. Biofilms contain which organism(s)? none true Algae Yes. Algae are found in biofilms. true Bacteria Yes. Bacteria are major component of biofilms. true Fungi Yes. Fungi are found in biofilms. true Yeasts Yes. Yeasts are found in biofilms. true Protozoa Yes. Protozoa are found in biofilms. Biofilms ... none false require a microscope to see. No. Biofilms can range from just a few cell layers thick to many inches thick, such as algae on rocks in a streambed. true can contain nonliving debris. Yes. Nonliving debris and corrosion products can be part of biofilms. false are all harmful. No. Biofilms are a natural part of our environment and some can even help solve problems, such as helping to clean contaminated sites. false were discovered in 1940. No. In 1684 Anthony van Leewenhoek noticed the vast accumulation of microorganisms in dental plaque. false each contain a single type of microrganism. No. In nature, biofilms almost always consist of mixtures of many species of bacteria and other microorganisms. The study of biofilms involves which discipline(s)? none true Biochemistry Yes. Biochemists study biofilms. true Environmental Engineering Yes. Environmental engineers study biofilms. true Microbiology Yes. Microbiologists study biofilms. true Mathematics Yes. Mathematicians study biofilms. true Environmental Science Yes. Environmental scientists study biofilms. The biofilm lifecycle involves which stages? none true Dispersal: bacteria detach and drift to new places to colonize Yes. This is the stage in which biofilms propagate (form new colonies) when they are released as individual cells, or small or large clumps of cells true Growth: the biofilm community develops a complex, three-dimension structure Yes. This is the stage in which extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) allow the emerging colony to grow. false Congregation: the biofilm colony starts when a large mass of planktonic bacteria come together in the planktonic state No. Planktonic (floating) bacteria become attached to a submerged surface and then begin to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). true Attachment: bacteria encounter a submerged surface and become attached Yes. This is the stage in which planktonic bacteria encounter a submerged surface and start secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). false Eruption: extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) build up inside of the cells until the cells burst open and the EPS is released into the medium surrounding the biofilm colony No. The microorganisms produce strands of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on their surfaces, but do not erupt as described .