Seminars 2021
https://montana.webex.com/mont
Meeting number: 120 058 1201
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Access code: 120 058 1201
How (Not) to Run a Forecasting Competition: Incentives and Efficiency
Date/Time: Monday, April 12, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Rafael (Raf) Frongillo, University of Colorado Boulder
Abstract:Forecasting competitions, wherein forecasters submit predictions about future events or unseen data points, are an increasingly common way to gather information and identify experts. Perhaps the most prominent example in computer science is Kaggle, the platform inspired by the Netflix Prize which has run machine learning competitions with prizes up to $3M. The most common approach to running such a competition is also the simplest: score each prediction given the outcome of each event (or data point), and pick the forecaster with the highest score as the winner. Perhaps surprisingly, this simple mechanism has poor incentives, especially when the number of events (data points) is small relative to the number of forecasters. Witkowski, et al. (2018) identified this problem and proposed a clever solution, the Event Lotteries Forecasting (ELF) mechanism. Unfortunately, to choose the best forecaster as the winner, ELF still requires a large number of events. This talk will overview the problem, and introduce a new mechanism which achieves robust incentives with far fewer events. Our approach borrows ideas from online machine learning; if time, we will see how the same mechanism solves an open question about learning from strategic experts.
Bio: Rafael (Raf) Frongillo is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at the University of Colorado Boulder. His research lies at the interface between theoretical machine learning and economics, primarily focusing on information elicitation mechanisms, which incentivize humans or algorithms to predict accurately. Before Boulder, Raf was a postdoc at the Center for Research on Computation and Society at Harvard University and at Microsoft Research New York. He received his PhD in Computer Science at UC Berkeley, advised by Christos Papadimitriou and supported by the NDSEG Fellowship.
Recording:
Towards High-Throughput Cryptocurrency Transactions in Payment Channel Networks
Date/Time: Monday, April 5, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Dejun (DJ) Yang, Colorado School of Mines
Abstract: Scalability is one of the key issues that hinder the widespread use of cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, due to the underlying consensus algorithms for ensuring the security in a decentralized system. Recently, payment channel network (PCN) has been proposed as a promising off-chain solution. It allows instant and inexpensive payments by not requiring expensive and slow blockchain operations. However, to enable high-throughput transactions in PCNs, there are still many barriers to overcome, including transaction fee, node reliability, always-online requirement, balance depletion, and cryptocurrency utilization. In this talk, I will present some of our recent work on addressing these challenges. More specifically, I will first introduce two distributed algorithms for minimizing the transaction fee and providing robustness despite unreliable nodes, respectively. Next, I will demonstrate how to design smart contracts to deter the potential collusion in PCNs based on a game theoretic approach. Finally, I will share our thoughts on addressing other challenges.
Bio: Dejun (DJ) Yang is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department at Colorado School of Mines. He received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Arizona State University in 2013 and the B.S. degree in Computer Science from Peking University in 2007. His research interests include networking, blockchain, Internet of Things, and mobile sensing, with a focus on the application of game theory, optimization, algorithm design, and machine learning to resource allocation, security and privacy problems. He received the 2019 IEEE Communications Society William R. Bennett Prize (only one of all the papers published in the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking and the IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management in the previous three years) and Best Paper Awards at GLOBECOM, ICC (twice), and MASS, as well as a Best Paper Runner-Up at ICNP. He is currently an associate editor for the IEEE Internet of Things Journal.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=a33ee1f18b0d466b9072fd575d55142e
Ecological Statistics for Complex Data
Date/Time: Monday, March 29, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Andy Hoegh, Montana State University
Abstract: Ecological phenomena are inherently complex with data measurements due to spatial, temporal, spatiotemporal, pooled, or measurement error processes. This seminar will give an overview of statistical approaches for detecting invasive species, understanding drivers of viral shedding, and modeling animal movement.
Bio: Andy Hoegh is an assistant professor of Statistics at Montana State University. His research is focused on the interface between complex data structures, environmental and ecological processes, and novel statistical methods.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=0321eac7805747beaafb2a91ef2df478
Locking Eyes
Date/Time: Monday, March 22, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Brendan David-John, University of Florida
Abstract: Eye-tracking technology track where a user looks and is being increasingly integrated into mixed reality devices. Although critical applications are being enabled, there are significant possibilities for violating user privacy and security expectations. We show that there is an appreciable risk of unique user identification even under natural viewing conditions in virtual reality. This identification would allow an app to connect a user’s personal ID with their work ID without needing their consent, for example. To mitigate such risks, we propose a framework that incorporates gatekeeping via the design of the application programming interface and via software-implemented privacy mechanisms. Our results indicate that these mechanisms can reduce the rate of identification from as much as 85% to as low as 30%. The impact of introducing these mechanisms is less than 1.5° error in gaze position for gaze prediction. Gaze data streams can thus be made private while still allowing for gaze prediction, for example, during foveated rendering. Our approach is the first to support privacy-by-design in the flow of eye-tracking data while serving mixed reality applications.
Bio: Brendan David-John (he/him/his) has a BS/MS from the Rochester Institute of Technology and is currently a PhD student at the University of Florida studying Computer Science. Brendan is from Salamanca NY, which is located on the Allegany reservation of the Seneca Nation of Indians. Brendan's personal goals include increasing the representation of Native Americans in STEM and higher education, specifically in computing. Brendan is a proud member of the American Indian Science & Engineering Society and has been a Sequoyah Fellow since 2013. Brendan's research interests include eye tracking, virtual reality, human perception, and vision within the field of computer graphics.
Understanding Our Earth: Trends in Environmental and Ecological Informatics
Date/Time: Monday, March 8, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Teki Sankey, Northern Arizona University
Abstract/Bio: Dr. Sankey received her PhD from Montana State University in Land Resources and Environmental Sciences. She is currently an Associate Professor in the School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems and the School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University (NAU) in Flagstaff, AZ. Her presentation will discuss computational challenges in environmental science, research, and training as big data availability becomes increasingly common. Specifically, Dr. Sankey will present her research in remote sensing and geoinformatics, which focuses on vegetation cover change and land surface processes via manned and unmanned airborne and satellite image analysis. Dr. Sankey will discuss NAU’s new PhD program in informatics and how the big data challenges can be addressed via student training in environmental and ecological informatics.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=c14335bc979443d09e3d8b7d5618893d
Nested-Solution Facility Location Models
Date/Time: Monday, March 1, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Andreas Thorsen, Montana State University
Abstract: Selecting the location for a set of facilities to be opened in order to service a set of customers is one of the most widely studied and applied problems in all of operations research. Classical facility location models can generate solutions that do not maintain consistency in the set of utilized facilities as the number of utilized facilities is varied. This talk will introduce the concept of nested facility locations, in which the solution utilizing p facilities is a subset of the solution utilizing q facilities, for all p < q. This approach is demonstrated with applications to the p-median model, with computational tests showing these new models achieve reductions in both average regret and worst-case regret when the number of utilized facilities is different from p.
Bio:Dr. Andreas Thorsen is an associate professor in the Jake Jabs College of Business & Entrepreneurship at Montana State University. His research focuses on developing optimization models for planning and managing operations and supply chains for products and services. Recently, his research has focused on access problems related to perinatal health services in Montana.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=d74f01b0c87a4f1d884f9353eef044fa
Cognitive Science to and from NLP
Date/Time: Monday, February 22, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Shane Steinert-Threlkeld, University of Washington
Abstract:This will be a survey talk talking about the relationship between the cognitive science of language and natural language processing. In one direction, tools and techniques from NLP have been used to explain the presence of semantic universals: shared properties of meaning across the languages of the world. In the other direction, I will survey a new subfield called emergent communication, in which artificial agents learn to communicate (and in the process, develop their own "languages") in order to achieve their goals. I will sketch methods in which this tool can be used to help a core NLP task: unsupervised machine translation.
Bio: Dr. Steinert-Threlkeld is an assistant professor in the Linguistics department at the University of Washington, where he arrived in 2019 after a postdoc at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation at the University of Amsterdam. His research attempts to explain the shared structure of the languages of the world and to use these insights to help us build more intelligent and discursive machines.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=84919065e9984e1a8d8443e821cbf904
How to run elections in which voters can verify that their votes are correctly counted
Date/Time: Monday, February 8, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Josh Benaloh, Microsoft Research and University of Washington
Abstract: With traditional election technologies, voters have little choice but to trust that
others will handle and count their votes properly. They must trust their local election
officials; they must trust the equipment that they use and, by extension, the vendors
who built and programmed the equipment; and they must trust numerous other individuals
and processes of which they may not even be aware. We can do better.
This talk will show how elections can be run so that voters can confirm for themselves
that their votes have been accurately counted - without having to trust any software,
hardware, or personnel. This is not just an academic exercise. Systems have been built
and piloted in actual elections, and there is reason to be optimistic about broader
deployments in the near future.
Bio: Dr. Josh Benaloh is Senior Principal Cryptographer at Microsoft Research and an Affiliate
Faculty Member of the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at
the University of Washington. He earned his S.B. degree from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology and M.S., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University where his
1987 doctoral dissertation, Verifiable Secret-Ballot Elections, introduced the use
of homomorphic encryption to enable end-to-end verifiable election technologies.
Dr. Benaloh's numerous research publications in cryptography and voting have pioneered
new technologies including the "cast or spoil" paradigm that brings voters into the
election verification process with minimal burden. He has served on the program committees
of dozens of cryptography and election-related conferences and workshops and is an
author of the 2018 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Committee
on the Future of Voting -Securing the Vote - Protecting American Democracy.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=68c312c04b90417d9cd30f8f6b5759bc
Learning glacier physics with neural networks
Date/Time: Monday, February 1, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Doug Brinkerhoff, University of Montana
Abstract: Predicting sea level rise is difficult because there is uncertainty in how fast the polar ice caps flow, a process driven by complex friction and hydrology at the (unobservable) interface between ice and bedrock. While we can make an educated guess about the physics down there, and thus write down some equations, these equations come equipped with a variety of knobs that control what the resulting ice cap speed looks like. The settings of these knobs commensurate with reality are not known a priori. Fortunately, we have some measurements of ice cap speed, so we developed an algorithm that determines all combinations of knob settings consistent with those observations (i.e. Bayesian inference). Unfortunately, this algorithm requires us to solve the equations millions of times, which is impossible because it takes around half an hour each time. To circumvent this bottleneck, we teach a neural network to (approximately) solve the equations 10,000 times faster. Replacing the original equations with the neural network, we (leisurely) run the algorithm and find that the bumps that make friction at the ice cap's bed are probably long and tall and that satellites can't tell us much about whether there's a giant river beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Bio: Dr. Doug Brinkerhoff is an Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Montana, where he teaches courses in Machine Learning and Computer Vision. His research focuses on applying those techniques to environmental problems, including ice sheet modelling and the detection of irrigation in Montana.
Recording: https://montana.webex.com/montana/ldr.php?RCID=50a8aac3ff7641f7aca77cc14aed6ce5
Capturing the sensitivity of wildfire spread to small perturbations in atmospheric conditions using a computational fluid dynamics model of wildfire behavior
Date/Time: Monday, January 25, 4:10 p.m - 5:00 p.m.
Speaker: Dr. Alexandra Jonko, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Abstract: Atmospheric forcing and interactions between the fire and atmosphere are primary drivers of wildland fire behavior. The atmosphere is known to be a chaotic system which, although deterministic, is very sensitive to small perturbations to initial conditions. We assume that as a result of the tight coupling between fire and atmosphere, wildland fire behavior, in turn, should also be sensitive to small perturbations in atmospheric initial conditions. Observations from the RxCADRE experiment suggest that low intensity prescribed fire in particular is susceptible to small perturbations in the wind field, which can significantly alter fire spread. Here we employ a computational fluid dynamics model of coupled fire-atmosphere interactions to answer the question: How sensitive is fire behavior to small variations in atmospheric turbulence? We perform ensemble simulations of fires in homogenous grass fuels. The only difference between ensemble members is the state of the turbulent atmosphere provided to the model throughout the simulation. We find a wide range of outcomes, with area burned ranging from 2212 m2 to 11236 m2 (>400% change), driven primarily by sensitivity to initial conditions, with non-negligible contributions from boundary condition variability during the initial 30 seconds of simulation.Our results highlight the need for ensemble simulations, especially when considering fire behavior in marginal burning conditions.
Bio: Dr. Alex Jonko is an atmospheric scientist interested in modeling wildland fire behavior and fire-climate interactions. Alex is a staff member in the Computational Earth Science Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. She has a B.S/M.S. equivalent degree in Meteorology from the University of Bonn, Germany, and a Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science from Oregon State University. In her free time, she enjoys exploring the outdoors around Los Alamos on foot, bike, and skis, fermenting vegetables and baking sourdough bread.
Seminars from 2020.